One potential explanation is that within subway-dependent communities, there is significant heterogeneity in terms of subway access, and that subway access is correlated with both household income and commute time. In other words, the elasticity of commute time with respect to income-how commute time changes as household income changes-is significantly more negative in subway-dependent communities. However, this relationship between income and commute time is actually more pronounced in places that rely on the subway (subway-dependent communities) than in places that do not (subway-independent communities). Thus, house prices and rents are higher around transportation centers, reflecting the value that residents place on this amenity. A short commute is often expensive because housing demand is high in city centers where many people work and hence want to live, and because people are willing to pay a premium for easy access to efficient transportation. In both maps, areas where a majority of commuters do not rely on the subway each day are grayed out.Ĭomparing the two panels, it is clear that higher incomes are associated with lower commute times. Lighter colors indicate relatively shorter commutes. The lower panel shows average commute times among census block groups where the majority of commuters rely on the subway each day. Lighter colors indicate lower-income communities. In the figure below, the upper panel shows the distribution of median household incomes across the city’s census block groups, the smallest geographic level for which aggregate data are available, using 2012-16 data from the American Community Survey (ACS). But even though all of these subway users are riding the same trains and waiting in many of the same stations, commute experiences (and especially commute duration) vary widely. In comparison, communities where most people walk to work or take a taxi tend to be far wealthier than the median New York City community, whereas communities in which most people take the bus tend to be poorer than the median. The subway is one of the few commute methods where the distribution of incomes among riders roughly reflects the distribution of incomes throughout the city. Roughly half of employed New Yorkers living in the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, or Queens rely on the subway to get to work each day. We show that wealthier commuters who rely on the subway are less likely to experience extensive issues on their commutes. In this post, we explain why subway delays disproportionately affect low-income New Yorkers. While these delays are a headache for anyone who depends on the subway to get around, they do not affect all riders in the same way. As a consequence of rising ridership and decaying infrastructure, the network is plagued by delays and frequently fails to deliver New Yorkers to their destinations on time. The state of the New York City subway system has worsened considerably over the past few years.
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